Module 2: Why is inclusion important?

The purpose of this activity is to introduce the topic of inclusion in an engaging and light-hearted way while challenging teachers and leaders to think about what inclusion means and looks like in a school. 

It serves as a warm-up in which participants look at a cartoon about inclusion and talk about it with their colleagues in light of practice at their own school. 

Resources required

See Materials that come with this resource to download Resource sheet 2.1 - Giangreco cartoon ‘Clearing a Path’  (.pdf) (or access this online and show it on a datashow or smartboard).

Task: Chat time 

Put up the cartoon and the questions below. Ask everyone to turn to those around them and discuss the cartoon in relation to one of the questions. 

• What do we do already that models the "clearing a path" approach? What else could we do? Who could help us with the thinking? 
• Where in our school could we provide an equivalent to the ramp? For example, captions on videos provide access to video content for students with hearing impairment but are really useful for second language learners or in noisy environments. 
• What approaches or strategies do we make use of for one student that could be offered as choices to all? 

Give everyone five minutes to chat, then ask people to share the main points from their discussion with the whole group. 

The purpose of this activity is to examine current understandings about inclusion and identify areas where more learning is needed. 

"Inclusive education practices are about ensuring all students are made to feel welcome at school 
and are able to take part in all aspects of school life. Diversity is respected and school-wide practices and classroom programmes respond to students’ different needs, skills, interests, cultures and backgrounds." (About the Inclusive Practices Tools, n.d., paragraph 3) 

The activity has three tasks that explore what an inclusive school looks like. The tasks draw on people’s existing knowledge and understandings of inclusion and compare these with a description of inclusion for New Zealand schools. 

Resources required 

• See Materials that come with this resource to download Module 2 - Why is inclusion important? (.pdf) for Resource sheet 2.2 - What does an inclusive school look like?
• What an inclusive school looks like 

Task 1: Initial brainstorm 

Task instructions: 

1. Watch the video clip “My world, my view”.  
2. Working in groups of three, reflect on the video and use a spider-web chart to brainstorm “What does an inclusive school look like?” Record each idea on a sticky note so they can be grouped easily in the next task. 
3. Pair up with another group of three to share ideas. Combine the ideas of both groups under common themes to develop a collaborative brainstorm. 

Task 2: What an inclusive school looks like 

• Task instructions: 
• Continue working in your group of six. Use the resource sheet: What does an inclusive school look like? and align the discussion points from the brainstorm activity under "present", "participating and engaging", "learning and achieving", and "belonging".  
• As a group, discuss: 
  • What do we notice? 
  • What are we wondering about? 
• Read the Ministry of Education pamphlet What an inclusive school looks like and discuss: 
  • What do we notice now? 
  • Where are the strengths of what we developed on the resource sheet? Where are the gaps that we need to address? 
  • What do we need to have further conversations about as a school community? 

Task 3: Questions for reflection 

Facilitate a whole-group discussion about these questions: 

As a school ... 

• What do we know we do well? How do we know? 
• What do we think we do well? How do we know? 
• What do we need to find more out about? How will we achieve this? 
• What should be our first steps in moving forward together? 
• How can we ensure we’re on the right track or pathway? 

The purpose of this activity is to examine how collaborative partnerships can help a school ensure that all students are present, engaged, achieving, and belonging, and that their whānau are supported and active contributors.  

In this activity, participants watch a video clip about inclusion and complete a group task to reflect on what contributes to students being present, participating, being engaged, achieving and feeling as though they belong at school. Listening to stories of inclusion is a powerful strategy for connecting with hearts and minds. The video clips provide opportunities to link to current experiences and challenge existing understandings. 

Resources required 

• See Materials that come with this resource to download Module 2 - Why is inclusion important? (.pdf) for Resource sheet 2.3 - Inclusive practice in action – learning circles
• Learning better together video
• Education for all video

Select one of the video clips for this activity. 

Task 1: Preparing for viewing 

Before watching the video, facilitate a group discussion about these questions to set the scene: 

• What do you think "collaborative partnerships" look like in a school environment? 
• What does "learning better together" look like in a school environment? 

Task 2: Learning circles 

Task instructions: 

1. Work in four groups – one group for each row on the learning circles resource sheet: 
   - Classroom practices 
   - Beliefs and attitudes 
   - Resourcing/staffing 
   - Systems and processes
2. As you watch the video clip, record notes and reflections on your assigned row on the resource sheet. 
3. After watching the video, work in your groups. Discuss and summarise the key points for your row of the resource sheet. 
4. Create a graphic representation of your key points (for example, a mind map, PowerPoint, or Prezi presentation) to share with the whole group. 

Alternatively, form new groups of four that cover all four rows of the template. Share and discuss the key messages identified in each row. 

Task 3: Further discussion 

After the groups have shared their key points, facilitate a whole-group discussion using these questions: 

• What was the main question that arose for your group from watching the video or discussions? 
• What’s the next step you will take to resolve this question? 

This activity supports a staff group to seek their students’ perspectives about how inclusive the school is. 

"Carefully woven into the inside of a whatu pōkeka or baby blanket are feathers to provide warmth, comfort, security and refuge from the elements. The pōkeka takes the shape of the child as it learns and grows, just as the development of a curriculum is determined and shaped by the learner." (Ministry of Education, 2014, p. 2)

The activity outlines a task for teachers to complete with their students about what makes them feel valued and feel like they belong at school. (This task can also be adapted for capturing whānau voices.) 

Resources required 

•  See Materials that come with this resource to download Module 2 - Why is inclusion important? (.pdf) for Resource sheet 2.4 - Whatu pōkeka.

Make sure there are enough feathers for everyone to have two. 

Task 1: Collaborative whatu pōkeka 

Task instructions: 

1. Take two feathers and record your responses to the following two sentence starters (one on each feather): 
   - I feel valued at school when … 
   - I feel I belong at school when … 
2. Make a small group with three or four others and share your statements. Consider how you could do this task with your class (or classes) and use alternative sentence starters. (for example, I’m happy at school when …) 

Bring everyone back together and ask each small group to share their discussion with the whole group. 

Create a group whatu pōkeka by gluing the feathers onto a large piece of paper for hanging in a communal place in the school, such as the staffroom. 

Ask everyone to create a whatu pōkeka with their class (or chosen classes) using the sentence starters they developed. 

Task 2: What do students say about how inclusive the school is? 

Once the class whatu pōkeka have been created, reconvene the group and ask everyone to share the whatu pōkeka created by their class. 

Put the whatu pōkeka up around the room. Ask people to work in small groups and move around the whatu pōkeka to read what the students have said. 

Task instructions: 

1. Work in a small group and read the classes’ whatu pōkeka. Look for common messages and note down students’ comments that you find particularly powerful. 
2. With your group, discuss these questions and record your main points on a flip chart or electronically to share with the whole group: 
   - What do the students’ comments say about what an inclusive school means to them? 
   - What do the students’ comments say about how inclusive our school is? 
   - What inclusive practices exist in the school that underpin the students comments? 
   - Are there any comments that you find surprising, or comments that you expected to see but were not present? 
   - To what extent do the whatu pōkeka reflect the voices of every child in the school? 

Bring everyone back together and ask each small group to share their discussion with the whole group. As they do this, summarise the main ideas on a whiteboard or Google Doc under the following headings: 

• What are we doing well? 
• What are our next steps? 

Facilitate a group discussion about how to adapt this activity to capture whānau voices (for example, at a whānau meeting) about what an inclusive school means to them and how inclusive they think the school is.

The website takes a school through the review process step-by-step. 

The tool kit includes: 

• a Student Survey (online or hard copy) 
• a Community Survey (online or hard copy) 
• a Staff Survey (online or hard copy) 
• a School Review Profile (online or hard copy) 
• links to additional resources for planning next steps 
• an Inclusive Practices action plan template 
• a range of online survey reports. 

For leaders of PLD working in a range of schools, the schools you are working with may have already started or completed a self-review using the toolkit. If this is this case, the focus of PLD should ideally link to the self-review and its findings. 

For leaders in schools, follow the review cycle step by step on the Inclusive Practices Tools website to ensure you complete the process. The "Getting started" section clearly outlines the process and considerations at each of the five steps. 

Contact your local Ministry of Education office to see if there is support available for the Inclusive Practices Tools self-review process.

The purpose of this activity is to explore the framework for an inclusive school curriculum in Implementing an Inclusive Curriculum and to become familiar with the Inclusive Practice and School Curriculum site. 

Participants discuss the framework and reflect on how it relates to their classrooms and their practices. Small groups then share questions that the framework raises for them, which are then used to explore the sections of the Inclusive Practice and School Curriculum site. 

Resources required 

• Copies of Framework for an Inclusive School Curriculum (see A curriculum for all ākonga) 
• Smartboard, data projector, and laptop with an internet connection, or multiple laptops/tablets with internet connections to explore the Inclusive Practice and School Curriculum site 

Task 1: Unpacking the framework 

Distribute copies of the framework diagram and facilitate a group discussion about these questions: 

• Why do you think it’s necessary for the framework’s elements to sit within The 2007 New Zealand Curriculum? 
• What does effective pedagogy look like for students with additional learning needs? 
• Building on strengths and aspirations, making learning visible, and recognising progress are prominent features of the diagram – what do you think this is saying about teaching and learning in an inclusive classroom? 
• A rich knowledge of the learner is a central idea in the framework – who contributes to building this knowledge? 
• Some students with additional learning needs are supported by a team, made up of people internal and external to the school. Where do you think these people would be if they were shown in the framework? 

Task 2: Relating the framework to practice 

Work in small groups and select two elements shown in the framework diagram. Discuss the questions below and record points and questions that arise on a flip chart or electronically to share with the whole group. 

• What do we think these elements of the framework mean? 
• What do these parts of the framework look like in practice in our classrooms? 
• What questions does this framework raise for us about inclusive teaching and learning? 

Task 3: Exploring the site to answer questions 

After the small groups have shared their key points, use the questions they have posed to explore the Inclusive Practice and School Curriculum site. Ensure you show the group the corresponding area in the website for each element in the framework Implementing an Inclusive Curriculum (and point out that some sections are still under development). Also show them the classroom examples in the Inclusion in Practice area. 

The purpose of this activity is for participants to explore the role of knowledge, beliefs, and practices in inclusion and to identify their next steps in making a difference for all students. 

In the activity, participants connect with their prior understandings about the knowledge, beliefs, and practices that make a difference in an inclusive environment. Following this brainstorm, they read a section from an article that encourages teachers to do things differently and to reconsider their attitudes and beliefs. To conclude, participants identify and share the next steps for themselves. 

Resources required 

Copies of (one per group, enlarged to A3):  

• See Materials that come with this resource to download Module 2 - Why is inclusion important? (.pdf) for Resource sheet 2.6 - Knowing believing doing
• Small sticky notes 
• Copies of pages 11–15 from the article Developing Inclusive Practice: A Role for Teachers and Teacher Education? (pdf) by Martyn Rouse (one per participant) 

Task 1: Drawing on prior knowledge 

Task instructions: 

1. Working in small groups, brainstorm answers to the question in the middle of Resource sheet 2.6 (‘What knowledge, beliefs, and practices make a difference in an inclusive environment?’). 
2. Record the responses on sticky notes and place them on the resource sheet. 

Task 2: Gaining new knowledge 

Task instructions: 

1. Read pages 11–15 of the article Developing Inclusive Practice: A Role for Teachers and Teacher Education? 
2. In small groups, compare the key messages in the reading with the sticky notes from the brainstorm in Task 1. 
3. Have a whole-group discussion on how the ideas in the reading have added to the prior knowledge seen in the sticky notes. 

Task 3: Identifying next steps 

Task instructions: 

1. Working individually, consider where you are at in relation to the triangle. Ask yourself: 
   -  What are my next steps in order to connect with all three corners of the triangle? 
   -  What is the first thing I am going to put into effect? Why? 
   -  How will I go about putting it into effect? What support will I require? 
2. In pairs, discuss your next steps and the strategies you have identified for acting on them.